I am asked. What do you need it ?” , I answer.

This is a relatively frequent conversation. I guess you can say I have become an expert in helping people pick the best table tennis table for them. Anyhow, here is a blog post which should work as a good compilation of all of the discussions I have had over the years. I have also included links to all my dining table tennis table testimonials.

This is article was originally composed in October 2014 but has been upgraded in December 2017. It is fairly astounding, so feel free to jump to all those sections are relevant to you. Let us begin. And the very first question I have for you is a significant one…

Do you actually require a table tennis table?

Possessing a table tennis table at your house can be a fantastic way to grow the number of your clinic — we did the vast majority of Sam’s Pro at a Year clinic on the dining table in his kitchen). But it can come to be quickly forgotten around and filled in a corner someplace. There are a couple things you need to consider first…

1. Have you got space for a dining table?

If you’re thinking about purchasing a dining table to use within your home it’s probably worth noting out that on the ground and seeing whether it appears sensible to have the ability to play it (you will want at least a meter on either side even when you’re only playing for pleasure ).

Recreational players likely need at least 5m x 3.5m.

gamers seeking to perform real training require no less than 7m x 4.5m.

Neighborhood tournaments will typically provide you a playing court that’s 9m x 5m.

At federal level championships, the courtroom is going to probably be 12m x 6m.

Do you have sufficient space? In case the solution is no, you could always get an outside table tennis table rather. You will also want an outside table if you’re likely to have a desk in your own garage or shed. Indoor tables may warp, even if kept in a garage.

2. Who are you really going to play ?

If you are only playing for fun then you’re able to play with whomever happens to be about. If you’re seeking some serious exercise then you will want to consider that you’re likely to play . There are Lots of choices;

Does anybody in your home drama? If this is the case, you’re gold.
Have you got friends that reside locally that perform? Training together with them in your home will save practice fees.
Could you manage a trainer? A great deal of table tennis trainers will visit your property.
Can you purchase a robot? If you do not have anybody to play you could always purchase a table tennis robot.

In summary, if you’re searching for serious instruction you want to be certain that you’ve got sufficient space and you’ve got someone to play . As soon as you’ve got that sorted you want to choose how much cash you have got to invest.

What’s your budget?

That is a fairly major difference!
Affordable table tennis tables

The only problem is… those tables are dreadful. The lowest priced tables are often just 12mm thick and even a recreational participant can say that the ball does not bounce properly. A few inexpensive table tennis tables do not even promote the depth of the surface!

If you’re on a very tight budget I would suggest purchasing a 16mm dining table. These aren’t amazing in regards to rebound, however they’re a large improvement on the nearly unplayable 12mm tables. Ideally, you’re seeking 19mm+.

The Significance of table depth

If you have to the stage from the article I am positive that you’ve already noticed my principal concern in regards to dining table tennis tables… dining table depth.

This is the essential factor. Forget about just how nice it looks and what manufacturer it’s (and what else) and concentrate on table depth. That is exactly what you are paying for.
Terrible bounce.

16mm — Maybe not a fantastic bounce. Just buy if on a strict budget. Will cost you 300.
22mm — Great bounce. Perfect for clubs. Quicker than 25mm.

The Finest Table Tennis Tables

Listed below are my top ten greatest table tennis tables, approximately in order of cost…

After, I heard an experienced mentor advise:

“The student who uses the arm to perform is an elementary student;

the person who utilizes the elbow is a middle school student;

the one who utilizes the forearm to play is a college student;

one that uses the wrist to play is a postgraduate; and ultimately,

the person who uses the hands to perform is a doctorate.”

Table tennis is an extremely detailed, yet rigorous activity.

Every time the ball and the paddle meet,

the participant needs to be aware of the specific location,

arc, spin, speed, and strength of this ball; consequently,

coordination with all the player’s body and strengths must be precise.

In determining these factors, the fingers and wrist play an integral role.

In one moment, the fingers, wrist, and adjustment of the paddle can alter the ball’s spin, speed, and direction.

Accordingly, in order to improve the technical skills in table tennis, one has to know about finger and wrist strength.

This guide will talk about this topic from a professional standpoint to enhance understanding (using shake hands for instance ),

and immerse in various viewpoints to encourage a preliminary conversation.

THE FINGERS AND WRIST CONTROL THE FORMATION AND QUALITY OF THE ARC IN THE RALLY.

The affordable use of the wrist and finger,

adjusting to different incoming chunks, can create optimum arcs.

The arcs are formulated by instant strength and speed of the participant, in addition to the paddle angle.

This string of motions is all closely linked to finger and wrist strength, and creates a suitable arc.

For instance, suppose Party A and Party B are counter-looping in the far-middle range (from the dining table ),

and suddenly Party A moves toward the closer range of the table, gently blocking a chunk,

decreasing the overall strength and shortening the amount of the rally.

Party B realizes that the ball has changed, but does not have any opportunity to maneuver out of the far-middle range into the nearer range to attack;

thus, Party B would proceed forwards a tiny step, then calmly intercept the ball at the end of its arc,

and utilize his/her wrist power to twist the ball.

Using wrist and finger strength together, spinning up and forming an arc,

Party B will permit the ball to travel over, while keeping an excellent yield.

It’s important to remember that when returning the ball,

the player must not only consider looping upwards or forward;

looping upwards will be certain that the arc is too high and does not have a threat,

while forward would cause the ball to move out-of-bounds. From this,

we can deduce that if you’re in a disadvantageous place,

using wrist and finger could optimize your chances by devising a perfect arc over the table.

THE FINGERS AND WRIST CONTROL THE QUALITY OF THE BALL’S PLACEMENT AND LOCATION.

Through examining a player’s ball positioning, we could deduce the participant’s overall abilities and playing degree.

To get a catchy placement, a player should have flexibility within his/her wrist and finger motions.

Throughout controlling the racket angle because the ball matches the paddle,

a participant can create a variety of optimal arcs and places of the chunk.

For instance, throughout the tournament Party A is planning to utilize a forehand rapid flip horizontally,

but Party A is about to flip,

A realizes that Party B is currently prepared.

From the larger arm to forearm, the motion of horizontal and vertical placement is almost the same,

but the finger and wrist can change the direction of the ball with no competitor’s awareness.

Thus, this raises the opponent’s difficulty of returning the ball,

as the movement of the wrist and palms is overly subtle.

THE FINGERS AND WRIST ARE IMMENSELY IMPORTANT WHEN HANDLING HALF-LONG AND SIDELINE HALF-LONG BALLS.

From my current monitoring of the majority of U.S. athletes looping half-long forehand balls,

the majority of them attach their elbows to forearm and shove over the ball,

without using fingers and wrist strength. Thus, there’s absolutely no adjustment according to unique balls,

nor any instant spin when contacting the ball.

If one only counts on the elbow and forearm to loop half-long balls, the ball caliber could greatly reduce,

and there will be no tailored controller towards different balls.

The player has a greater probability of looping the ball right to the internet, or depending on the spin, looping out-of-bounds.

Sideline half-long balls, on the borders of the table, rely even more on the finger and wrist. For example, at international championships, we commonly see a type of ball receive tactic:

Party A functions underspin to Party B’s forehand, and Party B consciously returns the ball to A’s forehand on the sideline/edge, as a half long ball (so the ball is impossible to harshly attack).

B would then want A to return a passive, weak, low carb chunk to B’s forehand, enabling B to counterloop. Now, A’s only winning alternative is to loop an excellent yield, so B cannot counterloop, thus allowing A to continue to strike.

Just just how can A do so? First, A’s footwork needs to be in place, then the entire body bends over, using forearm, wrist, and fingers to instantaneously add strength.

The most essential factor is the wrist and finger to stop in a moment, and make certain that the strength used is not too large or else the arc will probably be too high;

when the durability is too small, the ball might become a low-quality return.

Thus, the strength has to be ideal, so that you can have the return be high quality, with twist, a minimal arc, and also an increased difficulty for your opponent.

World-level competitors even opt to use this tactic to loop short balls, as they know how to use the”hidden strength” or the wrist and finger.

Under the effect of force, lighter mass objects move even faster and the overall acceleration is larger; however, under precisely the same influence, the acceleration of heavier objects is less influenced. Similarly, when comparing to the immediate acceleration of heavy and light mass objects, light objects may change comparatively simpler and faster. The fingers and wrist are prime illustrations of mild mass objects; thus, when using them in playing, they could switch direction immediately compared to the arm and forearm. Utilizing the finger and wrist allows for an optimum combination for the shift in place, speed, and strength.

CONCLUSION

From the overview detailed above, it’s not tough to deduce that in order to improve a participant’s degree in table tennis, then an individual must improve on and pay attention to the wrist and finger, using the”hidden power .

” For the players, it’s vital to pay close attention to their fingers and wrists because young. In the entire process and movement of calling the ball, the fingers/wrist play a vital role in controlling position, arc, and twist.

It is also essential to note that the player must not tilt his/her wrist upwards, nor downwards, and the fingers can’t be placed too high on the paddle — the paddle must be a natural extension of the participant’s hands.

In addition, the paddle should not be clenched too tightly, or else the muscles will become fatigued easily, and will be not able to release immediate strength when calling the ball.

The paddle also shouldn’t be kept in an overly relaxed fashion,

either;yet, the paddle shape will probably be readily changed, and the strength won’t be concentrated in one area.

We must raise awareness and understand the significance of the finger and wrist strengths during competitions and trainings, in addition to seek ways to improve and exploit the fingers and wrist to their fullest potentials.

It’s essential to additional study the fingers and wrist for the long run to allow U.S. players — and the whole country — to enhance on a world platform, generating successes in international contests.

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Here are 15 of the best table tennis tips you can use to dominate your adversaries:

1.As with any other sport,

mastering the basics of table tennis will get you past the toughest opponents. Just take some opportunity to learn how to grip your paddle properly, the way to move your toes, and learn the various spin effects. Describe your weak points and constantly practice until they become strengths.

2. Spin Is The Very Best Friend

Finding out how to use spin is tough, but it’s often the key to beating any player at any ability level. Understand how spin affects your return and you’ll soon learn to counter it.

— Keep an eye on your opponent’s paddle as they reunite the ball, because it is going to bounce off in precisely the same way when you touch it with your own racket.

— Check how fast the emblem on the ball is turning to judge its speed. If the logo is fuzzy, then so the twist is going to have greater effect, and vice versa.

— When the opponent’s paddle is shifting low to high, then it’s a topspin. Opponent’s paddle is going to low, then it’s a backspin. Left to right, it is a right sidespin, etc..

3. Practice, Practice, Practice

There is no substitute for practice, and you should do it as far as possible between competitive matches. This time ought to be spent beating glaring weaknesses you might have or developing your strengths and which makes it an overwhelming portion of your table tennis game.

Bear in mind that when you practice you want to improve, but when you’re playing in tournaments that you would like to win.

You’re able to play practice games to develop a new strategy or incorporate a new skill you have learned into your repertoire. Additionally, it is essential to watch yourself playwith. This way you can clearly see what errors you are making and immediately correct them.

4. Serve The Proper Way

Serves are an essential part of table tennis. If you haven’t thought of utilizing functions as a tactic to get an edge over your competition, use it today. An excellent function will win you the stage, and on occasion the video game! There are a whole lot of ways you can serve.

Short serves are perhaps the best method cause it makes it very difficult for your opponent to gain any kind of advantage. Always maintain your wrists relaxed in case you’re going for spin and attempt to move your hands quicker in the end of the stroke to raise the ball’s spin. You can also mix and match serves to help keep your opponent guessing.

5. Utilize Different Heights

Height 1 is when the ping pong ball has bounced and is on the road upward. You can hit the ball just before it reaches maximum elevation by means of a small backswing combined with a short, quick stroke. This has the effect of catching another player unprepared and may often win you the point.

The important thing here is to use a relaxed technique for the very best effect. Here are where flat shots are generally best performed.

Height 3 is when the ping pong ball has shrunk and is going to hit at the table. This would normally require a huge forearm swing before the impact. Forehand loops are best at this height.

6.You may have picked up the habit of carrying a more swing in playing basketball,

golf or tennis, but in table tennis, having a shorter swing is much greater. Both of the backhand and the forehand should use brief, strong swings for you back in place more quickly. What’s more, a shorter swing lets you be more precise and accurate on which you want the ball to go. Use long swings just when you’re doing offensive topspin shots.

7. Choose Your Equipment and Use It Exclusively

Beginners should begin with a basic paddle to have a feel for the video game. When you’re prepared for a better paddle, you can opt for a medium fast blade so that you can enhance your skill and technique instead of relying on equipment alone. After you feel as though you can’t get any more performance from this racket, then you can go right ahead and get a better table tennis paddle.

The quickest way to improve is to acquire the best ping pong paddle for your degree.

As soon as you’ve your racket, then it’s time to use it exclusively. Do not switch rackets frequently so you’ll develop a good awareness of play and a feel for that specific equipment. Treat your paddle with regard — keep it within a case and use a special cleaning solution or a simple mix of water and soap after every use.

8. Aim For Low Priced

The general principle is that the lower the ball is with regard to the net, the harder it will be to the opponent to counter with many different moves. On top of this, you need to try and target the farther possible point in the border of the competitor’s table. This way he’ll be forced to step back but might not have the vital reflexes to accomplish this, giving you another point.

9.To be able to achieve better,

you’ll want to continuously aim higher. Table tennis is all about enhancing by matching up with greater opponents. When you play a higher level, you’ll know your strengths, your weaknesses, and you can even learn some new tactics or approaches on the way. What is more, these clubs will have professional coaches that will train you and develop you in better ping pong player.

10.Beginners often get in the practice of attempting to smash the ball each time it comes on their own end.

You ought to play and await an opening(your competitor returns a chunk that is too high, or does not have a fantastic spin ). While waiting, make sure your strokes are short, quick and powerful and the ball doesn’t go high over the net.

Don’t lose your temper if you make a few mistakes in a row. Take a deep breath, imagine winning the next point and see where you can improve or switch approaches. Use the pause when working out to think about your service plan and the forthcoming return.

Trick Your Adversary

You shouldn’t always try to serve with as much spin as you can. Sometimes it’s better to fake a good deal of spin when actually it hardly has any. You can achieve this for your backspin serve for instance, by swinging your paddle usually but making contact with the ball at the base of the racket, closer to your hand(the paddle gets the slowest rate there).

This way your opponent will probably get under the ball anticipating heavy backspin however, the ball is going to be returned over the net, making it effortless for you to score.

12. Hit to Your Whole Body

To maximise the power output, you wish to rotate your upper body while lowering yourself a bit on the side using the paddle (directly if you are right handed). This is the identical information that coaches give to boxers. Hit the ball in the hips and your shots will become exceptionally powerful.

13. Accelerate In The Last Moment

This is especially true when top spinning a ball when it has backspin. Start with your hands relaxed and low, close your knee. Then, you wish to move your paddle at an upward movement and only at the final part of the movement, you accelerate and immediately cease. Consider how you’d use a whip, it is the same idea. The paddle will affect the ball in a significantly greater speed which can lift the ball more easily over the internet.

14. Lean Forward

Try to always lean forwards, on the tips of your feet, when hitting the ball. This will stop you from doing exactly what most novices do, leaning backwards to compensate for their slower reaction times. By leaning forwards it will give you a bit more power, as your entire body will be moving toward the ball when making contact.

15. Master Footwork

Footwork is arguably the most crucial facet of table tennis. You may seem cool that you are beating your competitors without going too much, however if you’ll face a better player you will not stand a chance. By moving your body, you may place yourself in the best possible position to reach the ball.

If you stand still you will twist your arm in weird positions which will result in a sub-par shot and often you will miss it completely. Why do you believe you keep hitting the ball with the side of this racket?

The Table

The top surface of the table, known as the playing surface, shall be rectangular, 2.74m long and 1.525m broad, and shall lie in a horizontal plane 76cm above the floor. The playing surface shall not contain the vertical sides of the tabletop. The playing surface shall be uniformly dark coloured and matte, but with a white side line, 2cm wide, along each 2.74m edge and a white end line, 2cm wide, along each 1.525m edge.

The playing surface shall be divided into two equal courts by a vertical net running parallel with the end lines, and shall be continuous over the whole area of each court. For doubles, each court shall be divided into two equal half-courts with a white centre line, 3mm wide, running parallel with the side lines; the centre line shall be considered part of every right half-court.

The Web Assembly

The net assembly shall consist of the net, its suspension and the supporting posts, including the clamps attaching them to the table. The net shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an upright post 15.25cm high, the outside limits of this pole being 15.25cm outside the side line. The surface of the net, along its whole length, shall be 15.25cm above the playing surface. The bottom of the net, along its whole length, will be as near as possible to the playing surface and the ends of the net shall be attached to the supporting posts from top to bottom.

The Ball

The ball shall be spherical, with a diameter of 40mm. The ball will weigh 2.7g. The ball will be made of celluloid or similar plastics material and shall be white or orange, and matt.

– The racket may be almost any size, shape or weight but the blade shall be flat and rigid.

– At least 85 percent of the blade depth shall be of pure wood.

Definitions

– A rally is the period that the ball is in play.

– A let is a rally of which the result is not scored.

– A point is a rally of which the result is scored.

– The server is the player due to strike the ball first in the rally.

– The receiver is the player due to strike the ball second in a rally.

– The ball shall be regarded as passing over or around the net assembly if it passes anywhere other then between the internet and the net post or between the internet and the playing surface.

The Service

Service shall start with the ball resting freely on the open palm of your server’s stationary free hand. Since the ball is falling the server shall strike it so that it rolls their courtroom and then, after passing over or around the net assembly, touches directly the receiver’s court; in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the correct half court of server and receiver.

From the start of service until it’s struck, the ball shall be above the level of the playing surface and behind the server’s end line, and it will be hidden from the receiver from the server or their doubles partner or from whatever they wear or carry. As soon as the ball has been projected, the server’s free arm and hand will be removed from the distance between the ball and the net.

The distance between the ball and the net is characterized by the ball, the net and its indefinite upward extension. It’s the obligation of the player to function so the umpire or the assistant umpire can be fulfilled he or she complies with the requirements of the Laws, and possibly may decide that a service is incorrect.

If either the umpire or the assistant umpire is not sure about the legality of a service they might, on the first occasion in a game, disrupt play and warn the server; but any following service by participant or his or her doubles partner that’s not clearly legal shall be considered erroneous. Exceptionally, the umpire may relax the requirements to get a correct service at which he or she’s satisfied that compliance is prevented by physical disability.

The Return

The ball, having been served or returned will be struck so that it passes over or around the net assembly and touches the opponents court, either directly or after touching the internet assembly.

The Order of Play

In singles the waiter will earn a first service and the receiver shall make a return and then alternately shall each make a return.

In doubles, the server shall first make a support, the receiver will then make a return, the spouse of the server shall then make a return, the spouse of the receiver will then make a return and thereafter each player in turn in that sequence shall make a return.

A Point

Unless the rally is a let, a player shall score a point

If an opponent fails to make a right service;

If an opponent fails to make a correct return;

If, when he or she has left a service or a return, the ball touches anything aside from the net assembly before being struck by an opponent;

If the ball passes over her or his court or outside his or her end line without touching his or her court, after being struck by an opponent;

If an opponent obstructs the ball;

If an opponent intentionally strikes the ball twice in succession;

If an opponent strikes the ball with a side of the racket blade whose surface doesn’t comply with the requirements of 2.4.3, 2.4.4 and 2.4.5;

If an opponent, or anything that an opponent wears or carries, moves the playing surface;

When an opponent, or anything that an opponent wears or carries, touches the net assembly;

When an opponent’s free hand touches the playing surface?

If a doubles opponent strikes the ball from the arrangement established by the first server and first receiver;

as provided under the expedite system (2.15.4).

If both players or pairs are in a wheelchair due to a physical handicap and

His or her opponent doesn’t maintain a minimum contact with the chair or pillow (s), together with the rear of the thigh, when the ball has been struck;

Their competitor rolls the table with either hand before striking the ball;

His or her opponent’s footrest or foot touches the ground during play.

As provided under the order of drama (2.8.3).

A Game

A game will be won by a player or pair first scoring 11 points unless both players or pairs score 10 points, when the video game shall be won by the first player or pair subsequently gaining a lead of two points.

A Match

A game shall consist of the very best of any odd number of games.

The complete version of this’Laws of Table Tennis” is available under the”Governance” section of the TTA website or by clicking on the next

1. THE LAWS OF TABLE TENNIS

2. THE SERVICE • Service shall start with the ball resting freely on the open palm of the server’s stationary free hand.

• The server shall then project the ball near vertically upwards, without imparting spin, so that it rises at least 16cm after leaving the palm of the free hand and then falls without touching anything before being struck.

• As the ball is falling the server shall strike it so that it touches first his or her court and then, after passing over or around the net assembly, touches directly the receiver’s court; in doubles, the ball shall touch successively the right half court of server and receiver.

• From the start of service until it is struck, the ball shall be above the level of the playing surface and behind the server’s end line, and it shall not be hidden from the receiver by the server or his or her doubles partner or by anything they wear or carry.

3. • As soon as the ball has been projected,

the server’s free arm and hand shall be removed from the space between the ball and the net.

The space between the ball and the net is defined by the ball, the net and its indefinite upward extension.

• It is the responsibility of the player to serve so that the umpire or the assistant umpire can be satisfied that he or she complies with the requirements of the Laws, and either may decide that a service is incorrect.

• If either the umpire or the assistant umpire is not sure about the legality of a service he or she may, on the first occasion in a match, interrupt play and warn the server; but any subsequent service by that player or his or her doubles partner which is not clearly legal shall be considered incorrect.

• Exceptionally, the umpire may relax the requirements for a correct service where he or she is satisfied that compliance is prevented by physical disability.

4. THE RETURN •

The ball, having been served or returned, shall be struck so that it passes over or around the net assembly and touches the opponent’s court, either directly or after touching the net assembly.

5. THE ORDER OF PLAY •

In singles, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return and thereafter server and receiver alternately shall each make a return.

• In doubles, except as provided in 2.8.3, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return, the partner of the server shall then make a return, the partner of the receiver shall then make a return and thereafter each player in turn in that sequence shall make a return.

• In doubles, when at least one player of a pair is in a wheelchair due to a physical disability, the server shall first make a service, the receiver shall then make a return but thereafter either player of the disabled pair may make returns.

However, no part of a player’s wheelchair nor a foot of a standing player of this pair shall protrude beyond the imaginary extension of the center line of the table. If it does, the umpire shall award the point to the opposing pair.

6. A LET The rally shall be a let:

• if in service the ball, in passing over or around the net assembly, touches it, provided the service is otherwise correct or the ball is obstructed by the receiver or his or her partner;

• if the service is delivered when the receiving player or pair is not ready, provided that neither the receiver nor his or her partner attempts to strike the ball;

• if failure to make a service or a return or otherwise to comply with the Laws is due to a disturbance outside the control of the player;

• if play is interrupted by the umpire or assistant umpire;

• if the receiver is in wheelchair owing to a physical disability and in service the ball, provided that the service is otherwise correct,

• after touching the receiver’s court returns in the direction of the net;

• comes to rest on the receiver’s court;

• in singles leaves the receiver’s court after touching it by either of its sidelines.

7. Play may be interrupted

• to correct an error in the order of serving, receiving or ends;

• to introduce the expedite system;

• to warn or penalize a player or adviser;

• because the conditions of play are disturbed in a way which could affect the outcome of the rally.

8. A POINT •

if an opponent fails to make a correct service; • if an opponent fails to make a correct return; • if, after he or she has made a service or a return, the ball touches anything other than the net assembly before being struck by an opponent; • if the ball passes over his or her court or beyond his or her end line without touching his or her court, after being struck by an opponent; • if an opponent obstructs the ball; • if an opponent deliberately strikes the ball twice in succession;

9. • if an opponent,

or anything an opponent wears or carries, moves the playing surface; • if an opponent, or anything an opponent wears or carries, touches the net assembly;

• if an opponent’s free hand touches the playing surface;

• if a doubles opponent strikes the ball out of the sequence established by the first server and first receiver;

• if both players or pairs are in a wheelchair due to a physical disability and his or her opponent does not maintain a minimum contact with the seat or cushion(s), with the back of the thigh, when the ball is struck;

• his or her opponent touches the table with either hand before striking the ball; • his or her opponent’s footrest or foot touches the floor during play.
10. A GAME

• A game shall be won by the player or pair first scoring 11 points unless both players or pairs score 10 points, when the game shall be won by the first player or pair subsequently gaining a lead of 2 points.
11. A MATCH

• A match shall consist of the best of any odd number of games.

12. THE ORDER OF SERVING, RECEIVING AND ENDS

• The right to choose the initial order of serving, receiving and ends shall be decided by lot and the winner may choose to serve or to receive first or to start at a particular end.

• When one player or pair has chosen to serve or to receive first or to start at a particular end, the other player or pair shall have the other choice.

• After each 2 points have been scored the receiving player or pair shall become the serving player or pair and so on until the end of the game, unless both players or pairs score 10 points or the expedite system is in operation, when the sequences of serving and receiving shall be the same but each player shall serve for only 1 point in turn.

• In each game of a doubles match, the pair having the right to serve first shall choose which of them will do so and in the first game of a match the receiving pair shall decide which of them will receive first; in subsequent games of the match, the first server having been chosen, the first receiver shall be the player who served to him or her in the preceding game.

13. • In doubles, at each change of service the previous receiver shall become the server and the partner of the previous server shall become the receiver.

• The player or pair serving first in a game shall receive first in the next game of the match and in the last possible game of a doubles match the pair due to receive next shall change their order of receiving when first one pair scores 5points.

• The player or pair starting at one end in a game shall start at the other end in the next game of the match and in the last possible game of a match the players or pairs shall change ends when first one player or pair scores 5 points.

14. OUT OF ORDER OF SERVING, RECEIVING OR ENDS • If a player serves or receives out of turn, play shall be interrupted by the umpire as soon as the error is discovered and shall resume with those players serving and receiving who should be server and receiver respectively at the score that has been reached, according to the sequence established at the beginning of the match and, in doubles, to the order of serving chosen by the pair having the right to serve first in the game during which the error is discovered. • If the players have not changed ends when they should have done so, play shall be interrupted by the umpire as soon as the error is discovered and shall resume with the players at the ends at which they should be at the score that has been reached, according to the sequence established at the beginning of the match. • In any circumstances, all points scored before the discovery of an error shall be reckoned.

15. THE EXPEDITE SYSTEM •

the expedite system shall come into operation after 10 minutes’ play in a game or at any time when requested by both players or pairs.

• The expedite system shall not be introduced in a game if at least 18 points have been scored.

• If the ball is in play when the time limit is reached and the expedite system is due to come into operation, play shall be interrupted by the umpire and shall resume with service by the player who served in the rally that was interrupted;

• if the ball is not in play when the expedite system comes into operation, play shall resume with service by the player who received in the immediately preceding rally.

16. • Thereafter, each player shall serve for 1 point in turn until the end of the game, and if the receiving player or pair makes 13 correct returns in a rally the receiver shall score a point.

• Introduction of the expedite system shall not alter the order of serving and receiving in the match.

• Once introduced, the expedite system shall remain in operation until the end of the match.